Debugging and inspection of a new excavator before its first use are crucial steps to ensure stable equipment performance and extend its service life. They need to cover multiple systems such as mechanical, hydraulic, and electrical systems. The specific contents are as follows:

1. Inspection of Appearance and Basic Components

• Overall Appearance Inspection
  Check whether structural parts such as the machine body, boom, and bucket have bumps, deformations, or paint damage caused during transportation. If any, record them in a timely manner and contact the manufacturer for handling.

Confirm whether the connecting bolts of various components (such as bucket pins, boom and body connecting bolts) are tight, whether there are looseness or missing ones, and re-tighten them according to the manual's torque requirements if necessary.

• Inspection of Tracks / Tires (According to Model)
  Crawler-type: Check whether the track plates and track links are in good condition, whether the track tension is appropriate (pressing the middle of the track with fingers, a sinking amount of about 20-30mm is suitable), and whether the track pins have abnormal noise or jamming.

Wheel-type: Check whether the tire pressure meets the standard (refer to the manual values), whether there are foreign objects such as stones in the tire patterns, and whether the wheel hub bolts are tight.

• Inspection of Fuel, Lubricating Oil and Coolant
  Check whether the fuel tank has sufficient fuel. For the first refueling, use diesel that meets the specified grade (such as -10# or -20# in winter, 0# in summer), and ensure the fuel is clean (you can open the drain valve at the bottom of the fuel tank and release a small amount of fuel to check for impurities).

Check the engine oil level (check the dipstick when the engine is cold, the oil level should be between the upper and lower scale lines) and whether the model meets the manufacturer's requirements (such as API CI-4 grade and above).

Check the coolant level (the expansion tank level should be between "MIN" and "MAX"), and confirm the coolant model (long-acting antifreeze, avoid mixing different types).

2. Debugging and Inspection of Hydraulic System

• Inspection of Hydraulic Oil and Pipes
  Check the hydraulic oil tank level (it should be within the range of the liquid level gauge). The hydraulic oil model must meet the manufacturer's regulations (such as ISO VG46 or VG68). Before the first use, confirm the cleanliness of the oil (new equipment is generally pre-filled with qualified oil, but it is necessary to check for contamination during transportation).

Check whether the hydraulic pipes and joints have leakage traces, whether the pipe routing is smooth, whether there is distortion, extrusion, or friction with other components, and ensure that the pipe clamps are fixed firmly.

• Exhaust and Pressure Debugging of Hydraulic System
  The hydraulic system of new equipment may contain air, so it is necessary to exhaust according to the manual steps: start the engine to idle, operate the boom, stick, bucket, swing, travel and other actions to the maximum stroke in sequence, and repeat many times to eliminate the air in the pipes (if there is abnormal noise or action stuck during operation, it may be that the air is not completely exhausted).

If necessary, professional personnel use pressure gauges to check whether the working pressure of the main pump and main valve meets the set values (such as main pump output pressure, pilot pressure, etc.) to ensure that the hydraulic system operates under standard parameters.

3. Inspection and Start-up Debugging of Engine System

• Engine Pre-treatment
  Check whether the air filter element is clean (new equipment may have a dust-proof package, which must be confirmed to be removed), and whether the intake pipe is connected tightly without air leakage.

Check engine accessories: the tension of the generator, water pump, and fan belts (pressing the middle of the belt with fingers, a deflection of about 10-15mm is suitable), and whether there are cracks; whether the positive and negative poles of the battery are connected firmly, and whether the power is sufficient (voltage is about 12V-24V, depending on the model).

• First Start and Idle Operation
  Before starting, confirm that the joystick is in the neutral position, the throttle knob is adjusted to the idle position, and when starting the engine, observe whether the starter motor works normally and whether there is any abnormal noise.

After starting, keep idling for 3-5 minutes (it can be appropriately extended in winter), observe whether the engine runs smoothly, whether there is jitter or abnormal noise; check whether the instrument panel indicators are normal (no fault lights are on), and whether the oil pressure and water temperature are within the normal range (oil pressure is about 0.2-0.6MPa, water temperature is 60-90℃).

During idling, check for leaks in various parts (fuel, engine oil, hydraulic oil), and whether the exhaust pipe emits smoke normally (normally colorless or light gray; black smoke may indicate excessive fuel, and blue smoke may indicate oil burning).

4. Inspection of Operating Mechanisms and Safety Devices

• Debugging of Operating Components
  Check whether the travel of the cab joysticks and pedals (travel, swing, boom, etc.) is smooth, whether there is jamming or looseness, and whether the corresponding actions during operation are accurate (such as whether the movement range of the joystick matches the movement range of the bucket).

Test the sensitivity of the pilot handle, and confirm that the direction of each action is correct (for example, when pushing the travel pedal, whether the forward direction of the equipment is consistent with the indication, to avoid reverse).

• Inspection of Safety Devices
  Check whether the cab safety glass and guardrails are intact, and whether the seat belt is firm and can be locked normally.

Test whether the emergency shutdown devices (such as engine shutdown lever, cab emergency button) are effective: when pulled or pressed, the engine should shut down quickly.

Check whether the safety devices such as swing limit and boom limit work normally (such as whether it automatically decelerates or stops when swinging to the limit position).

5. Inspection of Electrical and Control Systems

• Instruments and Indicators
  Check whether the indicators on the instrument panel (fuel, engine oil, water temperature, hydraulic oil temperature, etc.) light up normally and then go off, with no fault codes displayed; test whether the horn, front and rear work lights, and warning lights work normally.

• Initialization of Control System (if applicable)
  For excavators with intelligent control systems, confirm whether functions such as GPS positioning and remote monitoring are activated, and whether parameters such as system time and language are set correctly.

6. No-load and Load Test Runs

• No-load Test Run
  After normal idling, gradually increase the engine speed (to medium speed), and operate the boom lifting and lowering, stick extending and retracting, bucket retracting and releasing, body swinging, and machine traveling in sequence, repeating each action 3-5 times, and observe whether they are smooth, with no jamming, abnormal noise, or delay.

Test the travel deviation: drive straight on a flat ground for 5-10 meters, and check whether the equipment deviates from the direction. If there is slight deviation, it can be adjusted by adjusting the travel pilot valve or contact the manufacturer for calibration.

• Light Load Test (optional)
  If conditions permit, light operations (such as excavating a small amount of soft soil) can be carried out to observe whether the bucket digging force and the overall coordination of the machine are normal, and whether the hydraulic system has abnormal temperature rise (after operation, touch the hydraulic oil tank, the temperature should not be too high, generally not exceeding 60℃).

7. Documents and Follow-up Records

Check whether the equipment factory certificate, user manual, warranty card and other materials are complete, and record information such as the equipment serial number and engine number for subsequent maintenance and after-sales service.

After the first inspection and debugging, record the time, inspection content and abnormal conditions on the "maintenance record" page of the manual to provide a basis for subsequent maintenance.

Through the above comprehensive inspections and debugging, early failures of new excavators caused by transportation, assembly and other issues can be effectively avoided, ensuring safe and efficient first operation. If any abnormalities are found (such as leakage, abnormal noise, fault lights on), do not operate forcibly, and contact the manufacturer or professional maintenance personnel in time.