When an excavator performs breaking operations, the core requirement is to equip a suitable hydraulic breaker system and auxiliary devices, while supplementary components should be added based on specific working scenarios. Details are as follows:

Hydraulic Breaker (Core Device)This is the key component for breaking operations. Powered by the excavator’s hydraulic system, it is used to break hard materials such as rock, concrete and frozen soil. The model must be matched to the excavator’s tonnage and operation intensity: small excavators are paired with light-duty hydraulic breakers for municipal demolition, reconstruction and pavement maintenance; large excavators are fitted with heavy-duty hydraulic breakers for mining and large-scale rock breaking. When selecting a hydraulic breaker, attention should be paid to matching its working pressure and flow rate with the hydraulic system parameters of the excavator, so as to avoid insufficient power or hydraulic system overload.

Quick Coupler (Rapid Connection Device)It is designed to realize fast switching between the hydraulic breaker and other attachments (such as excavator buckets and grab buckets) without manual pin disassembly, which greatly saves attachment changing time and improves operation efficiency. Quick couplers are divided into two types: hydraulic and mechanical. Hydraulic quick couplers feature more convenient operation, allowing switching to be completed in the cab; mechanical quick couplers have a simple structure and low cost, making them suitable for scenarios with low operation frequency.

Hydraulic Breaker Pipeline (Hydraulic Connection Component)The original pipelines of excavators are mostly designed for bucket compatibility. For breaking operations, special high-pressure hydraulic pipelines need to be installed to connect the excavator’s hydraulic system with the hydraulic breaker for conveying high-pressure oil. The pipelines should adopt high-quality hoses with high pressure resistance and wear resistance, and be equipped with stable pipe clamps and protective sleeves to prevent pipeline damage caused by flying gravel impact during operation and avoid hydraulic oil leakage.

Accumulator (Auxiliary Pressure Stabilization Device)Some heavy-duty hydraulic breakers are equipped with an accumulator, which functions to store hydraulic energy and release it instantly during the breaker’s impact stroke to enhance striking force. Meanwhile, it can absorb pressure fluctuations in the hydraulic system, reduce wear on the hydraulic pump and hydraulic breaker, and extend their service life.

Wear-resistant Guard Plate (Protective Device)Flying gravel during operation is likely to hit components such as the excavator’s dipper arm and oil cylinders. Wear-resistant guard plates, made of high-strength steel, need to be installed. They can effectively protect the dipper arm and oil cylinder piston rods from deformation or scratch damage.

Lubrication System (Maintenance Auxiliary Component)Moving parts of the hydraulic breaker, such as the drill rod and piston, require regular lubrication. An automatic lubrication system can be optionally equipped to inject grease into lubrication points at fixed time and quantity, which reduces component wear more uniformly and efficiently compared with manual lubrication.

Noise Reduction and Vibration Damping Accessories (Optional Devices)Breaking operations generate high impact noise and intense machine vibration. Vibration damping pads can be installed at the connection between the hydraulic breaker and the dipper arm to reduce vibration damage to the excavator’s dipper arm and slewing mechanism. In some scenarios, noise reduction covers can also be equipped to reduce noise pollution and meet the environmental protection requirements for urban operations.