Rollers are prone to slippage, rollovers, and other accidents when working on slopes or soft ground, requiring systematic preventive measures. Below is a professional-grade safety operation plan:

I. Slope Operation Safety Control (When Gradient > 10°)

Equipment Selection Verification

• Verify the equipment’s rated slope capability (national standards require static rollers ≤ 20°, vibratory rollers ≤ 15°).

• Preferred models:
  ✓ Low-center-of-gravity tire rollers
  ✓ Smart models equipped with slope sensors (real-time alarms)

Travel Direction Control

• Longitudinal compaction:
  ✓ Must travel up and down along the slope (lateral rolling is prohibited)
  ✓ Disable vibration when moving downhill (to prevent acceleration loss of control)

• Steering precautions:
  × No turning midway on the slope (turns must be completed at flat areas at the top or bottom)

Speed and Vibration Management

Emergency Measures

• Install wedge-shaped brake blocks (mandatory for slopes > 12°).

• Hydraulic systems must be equipped with accumulators (to maintain braking in case of sudden pressure loss).

II. Soft Ground Operation Protection (When CBR < 3)

Ground Pre-Treatment

• Bearing capacity inspection:
  ✓ Use a lightweight dynamic cone penetrometer (dynamic deformation modulus Evd ≥ 30 MPa).
  ✓ Replace fill material if sinking exceeds 50 mm.

Equipment Adaptability Modifications

• Crawler rollers:
  ✓ Emergency float plates (for marshland use)

• Ground pressure adjustment:
  ✓ Tire rollers: Reduce tire pressure to 150 kPa (50% of standard).
  ✓ Steel-wheel rollers: Install width extension plates (40% increase in contact area).

• Anti-sinking devices:

Compaction Process Optimization

• Layer thickness:

  Material Type	Maximum Single Layer Thickness
  Silt soil	15 cm
  Fine sand	25 cm

• Rolling path:
  ✓ Proceed from the edges toward the center (to create drainage slope).
  ✓ Use "overlapping shingle" rolling (50% wheel width overlap).

III. Smart Safety System Configuration

Slope Operation Monitoring

• 3D tilt sensor (accuracy 0.1°).

• Automatic speed-limiting system (cuts power when overspeeding).

Ground Bearing Capacity Warning

• Real-time monitoring:
  ✓ Sinking depth (laser rangefinder).
  ✓ Rut depth (AI image recognition).

• Immediate shutdown required if:
  × Repeated bouncing in the same spot (sign of ground liquefaction).
  × Uneven sinking > 5 cm on one side.

IV. Case Studies

A Subgrade Landslide Incident:

• Direct causes:
  × Lateral rolling on an 18° slope (equipment limit: 15°).
  × Vibration mode not disabled (triggered resonance).

• Losses:
  ✓ Equipment repair cost: ¥280,000.
  ✓ Project delay: 23 days.

Successful Protection Case:

• Hangzhou Bay Bridge construction:
  ✓ Used BeiDou positioning + slope interlock system.
  ✓ Achieved zero accidents in 2 million m² of slope compaction.

V. Pre-Operation Checklist (Mandatory Inspection)**

• Slope gauge calibration (error < 0.5°).

• Emergency brake test (full stop within 3 seconds).

• Tire tread depth (≥ 5 mm).

• Counterweight fastening (bolt torque compliance).

• Weather monitoring (operation prohibited if rainfall > 5 mm/h).

Industry Standards:

• According to GB 25684.3-2021:
  ✓ Slope operations must have a restricted zone (50 m range at the base).
  ✓ Soft ground requires 3 pre-compaction passes (static mode).

Effectiveness:

• Systematic prevention can reduce slope operation accidents by 85% and improve soft ground efficiency by 40%.

• Recommended to use digital construction management systems for real-time risk alerts.